(BOTANY ,PAPER-2) PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY UOR B.ED,B.SC Second Year Bilingual Book
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Paper-II: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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Unit-I
Water: Structure, physico-chemical properties, importance to plant life, concept of water potential. Absorption and Transport of water; Ascent of sap, Transpiration, Guttation, stomatal movement, factors affecting transpiration. Guttation.
Mineral Nutrition: Essential micro and macro nutrients; their uptake, hydroponics-and nutrient requirement deficiency and toxicity symptoms.
Transport of Organic Substances: Mechanisms of phloem transport, factors regulating the translocations of nutrients.
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Unit-II
Photosynthesis: Pigments, Photosynthetic apparatus, light reaction, photo system I and II, Z scheme, photophosphorylation, C3(Calvin cycle), C4 cycle, and factors affecting the photosynthesis.
Respiration: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; RQ (Respiratory Quotient), Kreb’s cycle, electron transport system, oxidative phosphorylation, and factors affecting the process.Fermentation.
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Unit-III
Carbohydrates: Introduction, importance, nomenclature, classification, molecular structure and function of mono, di and polysaccharides, their properties, glycosidic linkages and glycoprotein.
Proteins: Amino acids-structure, electrochemical properties, peptide bonds, chemical bonds and nomenclare, structure and classification of proteins, physical and chemical properties.
Enzymes: Structure, nomenclature and classification of enzyme. Characteristics of enzymes, mechanism of action, multi-enzyme system, regulation of enzyme activity.
Lipids: Importance of fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated). Alpha and Beta oxidation. Brief introduction and application of secondary metabolites.
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Unit-IV
Phases of Growth and Development: Seed dormancy and germination, plant movement, Biological clock-their regulatory factors.
Photoperiodism and vernalisation; physiology and mechanism of action, concept of florigen and phytochrome.
Plant Hormones: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and ABA; discovery and physiological effects.
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Practical
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Practical Exercises:
1) To determine the osmotic potential of vacuolar sap by plasmolytic method.
2) To study the permeability of plasma membrane using different concentrations of organic solvents.
3) To study the effect of temperature of permeability of plasma membrane.
4) To separate chloroplast pigments by solvent method.
5) To separate chloroplast pigments using paper chromatography.
6) To separate amino acids in a mixture by paper chromatography.
7) To prepare the standard curve of protein.
8) To demonstrate the tests for proteins in the unknown samples.
9) To demonstrate the enzyme activity – Catalase, peroxidase and amylase.
10) To demonstrate the tests for different types of carbohydrates and lipids.
11) Bioassay of growth hormone (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin).
12) Demonstration of phenomenon of osmosis by use of potato osmometer.
13) To demonstrate root pressure.
14) To demonstrate rate of transpiration by use of potometers.
15) Photosynthesis by inverted funnel method, Moll’s experiment. 16) To demonstrate anaerobic and aerobic respiration. 17) R.Q. by Ganong’s respirometer. 18) Measurement of growth using auxanometer. |
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