(BOTANY ,PAPER-2) PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY UOR B.ED,B.SC Second Year Bilingual Book

Unit-I

Water: Structure, physico-chemical properties, importance to plant life, concept of water potential. Absorption and Transport of water; Ascent of sap, Transpiration, Guttation, stomatal movement, factors affecting transpiration. Guttation.

Mineral Nutrition: Essential micro and macro nutrients; their uptake, hydroponics-and nutrient requirement deficiency and toxicity symptoms.

Transport of Organic Substances: Mechanisms of phloem transport, factors regulating the translocations of nutrients.

bdkbZ-I

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Unit-II

Photosynthesis: Pigments, Photosynthetic apparatus, light reaction, photo system I and II, Z scheme, photophosphorylation, C₃(Calvin cycle), C₄ cycle, and factors affecting the photosynthesis.

Respiration: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; RQ (Respiratory Quotient), Kreb’s cycle, electron transport system, oxidative phosphorylation, and factors affecting the process.Fermentation.

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Unit-III

Carbohydrates: Introduction, importance, nomenclature, classification, molecular structure and function of mono, di and polysaccharides, their properties, glycosidic linkages and glycoprotein.

Proteins: Amino acids-structure, electrochemical properties, peptide bonds, chemical bonds and nomenclare, structure and classification of proteins, physical and chemical properties.

Enzymes: Structure, nomenclature and classification of enzyme. Characteristics of enzymes, mechanism of action, multi-enzyme system, regulation of enzyme activity.

Lipids: Importance of fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated). Alpha and Beta oxidation. Brief introduction and application of secondary metabolites.

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Unit-IV

Phases of Growth and Development: Seed dormancy and germination, plant movement, Biological clock-their regulatory factors.

Photoperiodism and vernalisation; physiology and mechanism of action, concept of florigen and

phytochrome.

Plant Hormones: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and ABA; discovery and physiological effects.

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Practical Exercises:

1) To determine the osmotic potential of vacuolar sap by plasmolytic method.

2) To study the permeability of plasma membrane using different concentrations of organic solvents.

3) To study the effect of temperature of permeability of plasma membrane.

4) To separate chloroplast pigments by solvent method.

5) To separate chloroplast pigments using paper chromatography.

6) To separate amino acids in a mixture by paper chromatography.

7) To prepare the standard curve of protein.

8) To demonstrate the tests for proteins in the unknown samples.

9) To demonstrate the enzyme activity – Catalase, peroxidase and amylase.

10) To demonstrate the tests for different types of carbohydrates and lipids.

11) Bioassay of growth hormone (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin).

12) Demonstration of phenomenon of osmosis by use of potato osmometer.

13) To demonstrate root pressure.

14) To demonstrate rate of transpiration by use of potometers.

15) Photosynthesis by inverted funnel method, Moll’s experiment.

16) To demonstrate anaerobic and aerobic respiration.

17) R.Q. by Ganong’s respirometer.

18) Measurement of growth using auxanometer.

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6) dkxt o.kZysf[kdh }kjk feJ.k esa vehuks vEy dks vyx djukA

7) çksVhu dk ekud oØ rS;kj djukA

8) vKkr uewuksa esa çksVhu ds fy, ijh{k.k çnf'kZr djukA

9) ,atkbe xfrfof/k dk çn'kZu djuk & dSVkyst] ijkWDlhMst vkSj ,ekbystA

10) fofHkUu çdkj ds dkcksZgkbMªsV vkSj fyfiM ds fy, ijh{k.k çnf'kZr djukA

11) o`f) gkeksZu ¼v‚fDlu] lkbVksdkbfuu] ftcjsfyu½ dk tSoijh{k.kA

12) vkyw v‚LeksehVj ds mi;ksx ls ijklj.k dh ?kVuk dk fu:i.kA

13) ewy nkc dk fu:i.k djukA

14) iksVksehVj ds mi;ksx ls ok"iksRltZu dh nj dk fu:i.k djukA

15) mYVs Quy fof/k }kjk çdk'k la'ys"k.k] eksy dk ç;ksxA

16) vok;oh; vkSj ok;oh; 'olu dk fu:i.k djukA

17) xSu‚ax ds 'oluekih }kjk R.Q.

18) v‚DlsuksehVj dk mi;ksx djds o`f) dk ekiuA