Diversity of Plant Viruses,Bacteria,Fungi and Algae ( Botany ) ( पादप विषाणु , जीवाणु , कवक एवं शैवाल विविधता)

Unit ¼bdkbZ½

Topic

¼fo"k;½

I

Nature, classification and structure (helical and icosahedral symmetry) of plant viruses; Symptoms (external & internal) of virus infected plants; Transmission of plant viruses; Genome organization and replication of tobacco mosaic virus; Techniques in plant virology - purification, serology and electron microscopy; Structure and replication of bacteriophage; Structure and replication of viroids.

ikni fo"kk.kqvksa dh ç—fr] oxÊdj.k vkSj lajpuk ¼gsfydy vkSj vkbZdkslkgsMªy lefefr½( ok;jl laØfer ikni ds y{k.k ¼ckgjh vkSj vkarfjd½( ikni fo"kk.kqvksa dk lapj.k( thukse laxBu vkSj rEckdw ekst+sd ok;jl dh çfr—fr( IykaV ok;jksy‚th esa rduhd & 'kksèku] lhjksy‚th vkSj bysDVª‚u lw{en’khZ( thok.kqHkksth dh lajpuk vkSj çfr—fr( okbjksbM~l dh lajpuk vkSj çfr—frA

II

Overview of cell structure and function in the prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea); Classification of prokaryotes based on cell structure (Archaea, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Mollicutes); Metabolic diversity of bacteria (phototrophy, chemolithotrophy, autotrophy, heterotrophy, fermentation); Bacterial cell division and microbial growth; Bacterial genome and plasmids; Variability in bacteria: Mutation and genetic recombination; Microbial growth control; Bacterial culture and staining; Economic importance of bacteria.

çksdSfj;ksV~l ¼cSDVhfj;k vkSj vkfdZ;k½ esa dksf'kdk lajpuk vkSj dk;Z dk voyksdu( dksf'kdk lajpuk ds vkèkkj ij çksdSfj;ksV~l dk oxÊdj.k ¼vkfdZ;k] xzke&i‚ftfVo vkSj xzke&fuxsfVo cSDVhfj;k] ekWyhD;wVhl½( thok.kq dh p;kip; fofoèkrk ¼QksVksVª‚Qh] dheksfyFkksVª‚Qh] v‚VksVª‚Qh] gsVjksVª‚Qh] fd.ou½( thok.kq dksf'kdk foHkktu vkSj lw{e thoh; o`f)( cSDVhfj;y thukse vkSj IykfTeM( cSDVhfj;k esa ifjorZu'khyrk mRifjorZu vkSj vkuqoaf'kd iqulZa;kstu( lw{ethoh; fodkl fu;a=.k( cSDVhfj;y lao/kZu vkSj LVsfuax( thok.kq dk vkfFkZd egRoA

III

Overview of the cell structure and function in eukaryotes (Yeast); Classification, thallus organisation and reproduction in fungi; Economic importance of fungi; characteristics and life cycles of the following fungi: Oomycota - Albugo, Pythium; Zygomycota - Rhizopus; Chytridiomycota - Synchytrium; Ascomycota - Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Ascobolus; Basidiomycota - Ustilago, Puccinia, Agaricus; Deuteromycota (mitosporic fungi)- Fusarium.

Lichens: classification, thallus organization, reproduction, physiology and role in environmental pollution. 

;wdSfj;ksV~l ¼;hLV½ esa dksf'kdk lajpuk vkSj dk;Z dk voyksdu( oxÊdj.k] FkSyl laxBu vkSj dod esa çtuu( dod dk vkfFkZd egRo( fuEufyf[kr dod dh fo'ks"krk,a vkSj thou pØ& vksekbdksVk & ,sYcqxks] ikbfFk;e( tkbxksekbdksVk & jkbtksil( dkbfVªfMvksekbdksVk & fladkbfVª;e( ,LdksekbdksVk & lSØksekblht] ,sLijftyl] ,Ldkscksyl( csflfMvksekbdksVk & vfLVykxks] ifDlfu;k] ,xsfjdl( MîwVsjksekbdksVk ¼ekbVksLiksfjd dod½ & ¶;wtsfj;e

Ykbdsu& oxÊdj.k] FkSyl laxBu] çtuu] dkf;Zdh vkSj i;kZoj.k çnw"k.k esa HkwfedkA

IV

General features, range of thallus organization, classification; ultrastructure of eukaryotic algal cell and cyanobacterial cell; economic importance of algae.

Characters and life cycle of: Cyanophyta - Microcystis, Oscillatoria; Chlorophyta - Volvox, Hydrodictyon, Oedogonium, Coleochaete, Chara; Bacillariophyta - Navicula; Xanthophyta - Vaucheria; Phaeophyta - Ectocarpus; Rhodophyta – Polysiphonia.

lkekU; fo'ks"krk,a] FkSyl laxBu dh lhek] oxÊdj.k( ;wdSfj;ksfVd 'kSokyh; dksf’kdk vkSj lkbukscSDVhfj;y dksf’kdk dh vfrlw{e lajpuk( 'kSoky dk vkfFkZd egRoA

fo'ks"krk,a vkSj thou pØ& lk;uksQkbVk & ekbØksflfLVl] v‚flysVksfj;k( DyksjksQkbVk & okWYo‚Dl] gkbMªksfMfDVvkWu] vksMksxksfu;e] dksfy;ksdhfV] dkjk( cSflyfj;ksQkbVk & usfoD;wyk( t+SaFkksQkbVk & okmpsfj;k( fQ;ksQkbVk & ,DVksdkiZl( jksMksQkbVk & i‚yhlkbQksfu;kA