Programming Principle & Algorithm

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ISBN- 978-93-89516-17-3

Vikas Tyagi

BCA, First Semester, According to ‘UP Unified Syllabus’
Syllabus
 
PROGRAMMING PRINCIPLE & ALGORITHM
 
 
Unit-I: Introduction to ‘C’ Language
History, Structures of ‘C’ Programming, Function as Building Blocks.
 
Language Fundamentals – Character Set, C Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers, Variables, Constant, Data Types, Comments.
 
Unit-II: Operators
Types of operators, Precedence and Associativity, Expression, Statement and Types of Statements.
 
Build in Operators and Function – Console Based I/O and Related Built in I/O Function – printf(), scanf(), getch(), getchar(), putchar(); Concept of Header Files, Preprocessor Directives – #include, #define.
 
Unit-III: Control Structures
Decision-Making Structures – If, If-else, Nested If-else, Switch; Loop Control structures – While, Do-while, for, Nested forLoop; Other Statements – break, continue, goto, exit.
 
Unit-IV: Introduction to Problem-Solving
Concept – Problem-Solving, Problem-Solving Techniques (Trail and Error, Brain Stroming, Divide and Conquer).
Steps in Problem-Solving (Define Problem, Analyze Problem, Explore Solution).
Algorithms and Flowcharts (Definitions, Symbols), Characteristics of an Algorithm
Conditionals in Pseudocode, Loops in Pseudocode.
Time complexity – Big-Oh Notation, Efficiency.
Simple Examples – Algorithms and Flowcharts (Real Life Examples).
 
Unit-V: Simple Arithmetic Problems
Addition/Multiplication of Integers, Determining if a Number is +ve/–ve/Even/Odd, Maximum of 2 Numbers, 3 Numbers, Sum of First n Numbers, Given n Numbers, Integer Division, Digit Reversing, Table Generation for n, ab, Factorial, Sine Series, Cosine Series, nCr, Pascal Triangle, Prime Number, Factors of a Number, Other Problems such as Perfect Number, GCD Numbers, etc., (Write Algorithms and Draw Flowchart), Swapping.
 
Unit-VI: Functions
Basic Types of Function, Declaration and Definition, Function Call, Types of Function, Parameter Passing, Call by Value, Call by Reference, Scope of Variable, Storage Classes, Recursion.
UP/2019/BCA/1/04
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