Analytics Chemistry ( विश्लेषणात्मक रसायन विज्ञान)

Units

Topics

fo"k;

I

Mathematics for Chemists

Straight line equation, Logarithmic relations, curve sketching, linear graphs and  calculation of slopes. Differentiation, differentiation of functions like k_x,&e^xxⁿ, sinx, logx, maxima and minima, partial differentiation. Integration of some useful relevant functions.

jlk;uKksa ds fy, xf.kr

ljy js[kk lehdj.k] y?kqx.kdh; lEcU/k] oØ vkys[ku] js[kh; xzkQ o <ky dk ifjdyu] vodyu] k_x, e^x, xⁿ, sinx, logx Qyuksa ds vodyu] mfPp"B o fufEu"V] vkaf'kd vodyu] dqN mi;ksx o lkFkZd Qyuksa ds lekdyuA

II

Basic Analytical Chemistry: Introduction to Analytical Chemistry and its   interdisciplinary nature. Concept of sampling. Importance   of accuracy, precision and sources of error in analytical measurements. Presentation of experimental data and results, from the point of view of significant figures, statistical terms – mean, mean deviation, median, standard deviation, Numerical Problems.

Calculations Used in Analytical Chemistry

Some Important Units of Measurements: SI Units, distinction between mass and weight, mole, milli mole and Numerical Problems.

Solution and Their Concentrations: Concept of Molarity. molality and normality. Expressing the concentration in parts per million (ppm), parts per billion (ppb), Numerical Problems.

Chemical Stoichiometry: Empirical and Molecular Formulas, Stoichiometric Calculations. Numerical Problems.

vk/kkjHkwr fo'ys"k.kkRed jlk;u&fo'ys"k.kkRed jlk;u dk ifjp; vkSj bldh varfoZ"k;d ç—frA çfrn'khZ (sampling) dh vo/kkj.kkA fo'ys"k.kkRed ekiu esa ;FkkFkZrk (accuracy),  ifj'kq)rk (precision) vkSj =qfV ds lzksrksa dk egÙoA çk;ksfxd MsVk vkSj ifj.kkeksa dh çLrqfr] lkFkZd vadksa ds n`f"Vdks.k ls lkaf[;dh; 'kCnkoyh&ek/;] ek/; fopyu] ekf/;dk] ekud fopyu] la[;kRed ç'u

fo'ys"k.kkRed jlk;u esa ç;qDr x.kuk,a

eki dh dqN egÙoiw.kZ bdkb;k¡&SI bdkb;k¡] nzO;eku o Hkkj ds chp varj] eksy] feyheksy o la[;kRed ç'uA

foy;u vkSj mudh lkanzrk&eksyjrk] eksyyrk vkSj ukWeZyrk dh vo/kkj.kkA Hkkx çfr fefy;u (ppm)] Hkkx çfr fcfy;u (ppb)] eas lkanzrk dks O;Dr djukA la[;kRed ç'uA

jklk;fud jllehdj.kfefr&ewykuwikrh vkSj vk.kfod lw=] jllehdj.kfefr (Stoichiometric) x.kukA la[;kRed ç'uA

III

Computer for Chemists

Introduction to computer, Introduction to operating systems like – DOS, Windows. Linux and Ubuntu.

Use of Computer Programs

Running of standard programs and packages such as MS-word, MS-excel, PowerPoint, Execution of linear regression x-y Plot. Use of softwares for drawing structures and molecular formulae.

jlk;uKksa ds fy, daI;wVj

daI;wVj dk ifjp;] MkWl] foaMkst] fyuDl vkSj mcaVw tSls vkWijsfVax flLVe dk ifjp;A

daI;wVj çksxzke dk mi;ksx

,e,l&oMZ] ,e ,l&,Dlsy] ikWoj ikWbaV tSls ekud çksxzke vksj iSdst dks pykukA js[kh; çfrxeu x-y Iyk¡V dk fu"iknuA lajpukvksa vkSj vk.kfod lw=ksa ds fp=kadu gsrq lkW¶Vos;j dk mi;ksxA

IV

Chemical Equilibrium: Equilibrium constant and free energy, concept of chemical potential, Thermodynamic derivation of law of chemical equilibrium. Temperature dependence of equilibrium constant; Van’t Hoff reaction isochore, Van’t Hoff reaction isotherm. Le-Chatelier’s principle and its applications.

jklk;fud lkE;&

lkE; fLFkjkad ,oa eqDr ÅtkZ] jkl;fud foHko dh vo/kkj.kk] jkl;fud lkE; ds fu;e dh Å"ekxfrd O;qÙkifÙk] jklk;fud  lkE; dh rki ij fuHkZjrk] ok.VgkWQ vfHkfØ;k levk;rfud] ok.VgkWQ vfHkfØ;k lerkih] ys&psVsfy;j dk fl)kar vkSj mlds vuqç;ksxA

V

Chromatography

Introduction, Principle and Classification,

Mechanism of Separation: Adsorption, partition and ion-exchange.

Development of Chromatograms: Frontal, elution and displacement methods. Paper Chromatography (ascending, descending and circular), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Column Chromatography (CC), Gas Chromatography (GC) and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC),   types   of   column   and   column   selection,   applications, limitations.

Principle and Applications of:

·         Flash chromatography,

·         Ion-exchange chromatography, and

·         Chiral chromatography.          

o.kZysf[kdh ¼ØkseSVksxzkQh½

ifjp;] fl)kar vkSj oxhZdj.kA i`FkDdj.k dh fØ;kfof/k&vf/k'kks"k.k] forj.k] vk;u&fofu;eA 

ØkseSVksxzke dk fodkl&vxz&Hkkx] fu{kkyu vkSj foLFkkiu dh fof/k;kaA dkxt+ o.kZysf[kdh ¼vkjksgh] vojksgh vkSj xksykdkj½] iryh ijr o.kZ ysf[kdh (TLC) ,oa dkWye o.kZysf[kdh (CC), xSl o.kZysf[kdh (GS) vkSj mPpncko rjy&o.kZysf[kdh (HPLC), dkWye ds çdkj ,oa dkWye p;u] vuqç;ksx] lhek,a 

fl)kar vkSj vuqç;ksx&

·         ¶ySl ØkseSVksxzkQh

·         vk;u&fofue; ØkseSVksxzkQh

·         fpjy ØkseSVksxzkQh

VI

Spectral Techniques of Analysis

Basics   of   Absorption   Spectroscopy: Electromagnetic radiation, Spectral     range. Absorbance, Absorptivity, Molar Absorptivity, Fundamental Laws of Absorption, Lambert-Beer Law and its limitations. Constitution and working of photometer, spectrometer, colorimeter.

Ultraviolet (UV) Absorption Spectroscopy

Presentation and analysis of UV spectra. Types of electronic transitions, Effect of conjugation. Concept of chromophore and auxochrome. Bathochromic, hypsochromic, Hyperchromic and hypochromic shifts. UV spectra of conjugated polyenes and enones.

Infra-Red (IR) Absorption Spectroscopy

Molecular  vibrations,   Hooke’s  law, selection   rules,   intensity   and position of IR bands, Measurement of IR spectrum, finger print region, characteristic absorption of various functional groups and interpretation of IR spectra of simple organic compounds.

fo'ys"k.k dh o.kZØeh; rduhd

vo'kks"k.k LisDVªksLdksih dk vk/kkjHkwr ifjp;&fo|qrpqEcdh; fofdj.k] LisDVªy ijklA vo'kks"k.k] vo'kks"kdrk] vk.kfod vo'kks"kdrk] vo'kks"k.k ds vk/kkjHkwr fu;e] ySEcVZ&ch;j fu;e o bl dh lhek,aA QksVksehVj] LisDVªksehVj] o.kZekih dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Zç.kkyhA

ijkcSaxuh (UV) vo'kks"k.k LisDVªksLdksih&

(UV) LisDVªk dh çLrqfr vkSj fo'ys"k.k] bysDVªkWfud laØe.k ds çdkj] la;qXeu dk çHkkoA ØkseksQksj vkSj vkWDlksØkse dh vo/kkj.kkA o.kkZsRd"khZ ¼cSFkksØksfed½] o.kkZid"khZ ¼fgIlksØksfed½] o.kZfr'k;h ¼gkbijØksfed½ vkSj o.kkZi'k;h ¼gkbiksØksfed½] foLFkkiu ¼f'k¶V½A la;qfXer iksyhUl vkSj ,uksu dk ijkcSaxuh o.kZØe ¼UV LisDVªk½A

vojDr ¼bUÝk&jsM½ vo'kks"k.k LisDVªksLdksih&

vk.kfod daiu] gqd dk fu;e] oj.k fu;e] vojDr cSaM dh rhozrk vkSj fLFkfr] vojDr LisDVªe dk ekiu] fQaxj fçaV {ks= fofHkUu fØ;kRed lewgksa dk vfHkyk{kf.kd vo'kks"k.k vkSj ljy dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa ds vojDr LisDVªk dh O;k[;kA