Basic Botany (आधारभूत वनस्पतिशास्त्र )

Unit

¼bdkbZ½

Topic ¼fo"k;½

I

1.1    History of Botany and Indian Contributions.

1.2    Morphological Characteristics of lower and higher plants (Angiosperms).

1.3    Types of leaves, Inflorescence, Flowers and Fruits.

1.4    Structure of Plant cell and cell organelles, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, types of Cell division.

1.5    Microscope structure and function of light microscope (magnification and resolving power).

1.6    Various types of Microscopes: Bright field, Phase contrast, SEM and TEM.

1.1    ouLifr foKku vkSj Hkkjrh; ;ksxnku dk bfrgkl

1.2    fuEu ikni vkSj mPp ikni ¼vko`rohth½ dh vkdkfjdhA

1.3    ifÙk;ksa ds çdkj] iq"iØe] iq"i vkSj QyA

1.4    ikni dksf’kdk vkSj dksf’kdkax lajpuk&çksdSfj;ksfVd vkSj ;wdsfj;ksfVd dksf’kdk,aA dksf’kdk foHkktu ds çdkjA

1.5    lw{en’khZ lajpuk vkSj çdk’k lw{en’khZ dk dk;Z ¼vko/kZu vkSj foHksnu {kerk½

1.6    fofHkUu çdkj ds lw{en’khZ% czkbV {ks= lw{en’khZ] Qsl dksuVªkLV] SEM vkSj TEMA

II

1. Algae:

1.1    General characteristics

1.2    Range of thallus organization, reproduction.

1.3    Types of life-cycles in algae

1.4    Role of algae in nature and its economic importance.

2. Bryophytes:

2.1    General characteristics, Ecology.

2.2    Range of thallus organization, morphology, anatomy (internal and external features) and reproduction of any one Bryophyte.

2.3    Economic importance of Bryophytes

1. 'kSoky

1.1    lkekU; fo’ks"krk,a

1.2    laxBu vkSj çtuu

1.3    thou&pØ ds çdkj]

1.4    ç—fr esa 'kSoky dh Hkwfedk vkSj vkfFkZd egÙoA

2. czk;ksQkbV~l

2.1    lkekU; fo’ks"krk,a

2.2    ikfjfLFkfrdh] FkSyl laxBu] vkdkfjdh] vkarfjd vkSj ckgjh lajpuk vkSj fdlh Hkh ,d czk;ksQkbV~l dk çtuuA

2.3    czk;ksQkbV~l dk vkfFkZd egRo

III

1. Pteridophytes

1.1    General characteristics and morphology.

1.2    Stelar organization and reproduction.

1.3    Heterospory and seed habit.

1.4    Economical importance

2. Gymnosperms

2.1    General description and their distribution.

2.2    Economical importance of Gymnospers.

3. Paleobotany

1.1    Indian contribution in Paleobotany.

1.2    Brief knowledge of Fossils and Geological time scale.

.

1. VsfjMksQkbV~l

1.1    lkekU; fo’ks"krk,a vkSj vkdkfjdhA

1.2    jEHk&rU=laxBu vkSj çtuuA

1.3    fo"kechtk.kqrk vkSj chtLoHkkoA

1.4    vkfFkZd egÙoA

.

2. vuko`rchth

2.1    lkekU; fooj.k vkSj forj.kA

2.2    vkfFkZd egRoA

.

3. thok"eh; ouLifr foKku ¼iSfy;kscksVuh½

3.1    Hkkjrh; ;ksxnkuA

3.2    thok'eksa dk laf{kIr Kku vkSj HkwoSKkfud le; lkj.khA

IV

1. Fungi

1.1    General characteristics and cell wall composition

1.2    Mode of nutrition

1.3    Types of reproduction

1.4    Economic Importance

1.5    Parasexuality and Mycorrhiza

2. Lichens Brief knowledge and their significance.

1. dod

1.1    lkekU; fo’ks"krk,a

1.2    dksf’kdk fHkfÙk dh lajpuk vkSj iks"k.k dk rjhdk

1.3    çtuu ds çdkj

1.4    vkfFkZd egÙo

1.5    iSjklsDlqvfyVh] dodewy

2. ykbdsu vkSj muds egÙo dk laf{kIr KkuA

V

1. Microbes

1.1    Brief outline of various types of Microbes

1.2    Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Cyanobacteria, Mycoplasma, Actinomycetes and Virus.

1.3  Beneficial and harmful roles.

1. lw{etho

1.1    laf{kIr :ijs[kk

1.2    lw{ethoksa ds çdkj] vkfdZoSDVhfj;k ;wcSDVsfj;k] lkbukscSDVhfj;k] ekbdksIykTek] ,fDVuksekblsVhl vkSj fo"kk.kq

1.3    ykHkdkjh vkSj gkfudkjd Hkwfedk,¡A