Nursing Foundations (नर्सिंग के मूल सिद्धांत एवं प्राथमिक उपचार)

Unit ¼bdkbZ½

Objectives Content

¼fo"k;oLrq lkexzh½

Hr.  ¼?kaVs½

I

Introduction to Nursing ¼uflZax dk ifjp;½

a)       Nursing – Concept, Meaning, Definitions, Scope and Functions. ¼uflZax&vo/kkj.kk] vk’k; vFkZ] ifjHkk"kk,¡] dk;Z {ks= rFkk dk;ZA½

b)       History of Nursing in India ¼Hkkjr esa uflZax dk bfrgkl½

b)       Nursing as a Profession ¼uflZax ,d O;olk; ds :i esa½

c)       Nursing Professional – qualities and preparation. ¼ufl±x is’ksoj&fo’ks"krk,¡ rFkk miØe½

d)       Ethics in Nursing-roles and responsibilities of a nurse. ¼ulZ dh Hkwfedkvksa rFkk mÙkjnkf;Ùoksa ufl±x esa xhfr’kkL= esa uSfrdrkA½

e)       Health care agencies – hospital and community service – types and function of hospitals health team. ¼LokLF; ns[kHkky ,tsafl;ksa&vLirky rFkk lkeqnkf;d lsok&vLirkyksa dh LokLF; lewg ds çdkj ,oa dk;ZA½

f)        Modern approaches to nursing care including holistic nursing care¼uflZax ns[kHkky ds fy, vk/kqfud n`f"Vdks.k ftlesa lexz uflZax ns[kHkky Hkh lfEefyr gSA½

g)       Health and Disease ¼LokLF; ,oa jksx½

-          Definition of health, determinants of health status. ¼LokLF; dh ifjHkk"kk] LokLF; dh fLFkfr ds fu/kkZjdA½

-          Basic human needs ¼ewyHkwr ekuoh; vko’;drk,¡½

-          Illness and its effects on individual ¼chekjh rFkk O;fDr ij blds çHkko½

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II

Nursing Care of the Patient ¼jksxh dh uflZax ns[kHkky½

a)       Patient Environment in the hospital Patients unit ¼vLirky ds ejhtksa dh Js.kh esa jksxh dk okrkoj.k½

b)       Therapeutic environment ¼fpfdRlh; okrkoj.k½

-   Physical factors – lighting temperature, ventilation, humidity, noise, pestilence. ¼HkkSfrd dkjd&çdk’k rkieku] laokru] vknzZrk] /ofu] egkekjhA½

-   Safety needs prevention of environmental hazard ¼i;kZoj.kh; [krjs dh lqj{kk ds fy, jksdFkke dh vko’;drk gSA½

-    Psychosocial and aesthetic factors. ¼ekuks lkekftd rFkk lkSUnz;Z lEcU/kh dkjdA½

c)       Patient’s Adjustment to the Hospital. ¼vLirky esa jksxh dk lek;kstu½

-   Understanding the patient as a person socio economic and cultural background, health status etc. ¼jksxh dks ,d O;fDr ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd rFkk lkaLd`frd i`"BHkwfe] LokLF; dh fLFkfr vkfn ds :i esa le>ukA½

-   Effect of hospitalization on patient and family. ¼jksxh ,oa ifjokj ij vLirky esa HkrhZ gksus dk çHkkoA½

-   Admission, transfer, discharge procedures ¼ços’k] LFkkukarj.k] fuoZgu çfØ;k,¡½

d)       Basic Nursing Skills-¼ewy uflZax ;ksX;rk½

-   Communication ¼lapkj½                          Nursing interview ¼uflZax lk{kkRdkj½

-   Recording and reporting ¼fjdkWfMZax rFkk fjiksfVZax½

e)       Nursing Process ¼uflZax çfØ;k½

-   Meaning and Importance ¼ç;kstu ,oa egÙo½

-   Assessment, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation ¼vkdyu] ;kstuk] dk;kZUo;u ,oa ewY;kadu½

-   Nursing Care Plan. ¼uflZax ns[kHkky ;kstukA½

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III

Meeting the Basic Needs of a Patient Physical Needs ¼,d ejht dh HkkSfrd vko’;drk,¡ ewy vko’;drkvksa dh iwfrZ½

a)       Comfort, rest, Sleep and exercise. –Importanceand its promotion ¼lqfo/kk] foJke] uhan ,oa O;k;ke&blds lao/kZu ,oa egÙo½

b)       body mechanics –moving, lifting, transferring ¼'kjhj ;kfU=dh&pykuk] mBkuk] LFkkukarj.k½

c)       Position and posture maintenance ¼fLFkfr ,oa LFkku dk laj{k.k½

d)       comfort devices, Beds and bed making – Principles of bed making, types and care of bed linen ¼lqfo/kk midj.kksa] fcLrj ,oa fcLrj fuekZ.k&fcLrj fuekZ.k ds fl)kUr] çdkj rFkk fcLrj dh pknj dh ns[kHkky½

e)       safety devices, restraints and splints ¼lqj{kk midj.kksa] çfrca/k ,oa [kiPph½

f)        Exercises – Active and Passive ¼O;k;ke&lfØ; ,oa fuf"Ø;½

Hygienic needs ¼LokLF; lEcU/kh vko’;drk,¡½

-   personal and environmental hygiene ¼O;fDrxr ,oa i;kZoj.kh; LoPNrk½

-   Nurses role in maintaining personal and environmental hygiene. ¼O;fDrxr ,oa i;kZoj.kh; LoPNrk cuk, j[kus esa ulksZa dh HkwfedkA½

-   Care of eyes, nose, ears, hands and feet. ¼vk¡[k] ukd] dku] gkFk rFkk iSjksa dh ns[kHkky]½

-   Care of mouth, skin, hair and genitalia ¼eq[k] Ropk] cky] ,oa tuukaxksa dh ns[kHkky]½

-   Care of pressure areas, bed sores. ¼ncko {ks=ksa] fcLrj oz.kksa dh ns[kHkky½

Nutritional needs ¼iks"k.k dh vko;drk,¡½

-   Diet in Health and disease ¼LokLF; ,oa jksx esa vkgkj½

-   Factors Affecting Nutrition in illness, ¼chekjh esa iks"k.k dks çHkkfor djus okys dkjd½

-   Nurse’s Role in meeting Patients Nutritional needs. ¼ejhtksa dh iks"k.k lEcU/kh vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk djus esa ulZ dh Hkwfedk½

-   Modification of diet in illness. ¼chekjh esa vkgkj dk la’kks/ku½

-   Diet planning and serving. ¼vkgkj ;kstuk ,oa lsok½

-   Feeding helpless patients including artificial methods of feeding. ¼Hkkstu dks d`f=e fu;e lfgr vlgk; jksfx;ksa dks f[kykuk½

Elimination needs ¼fuLdklu dh vko’;drk,¡½

-   health and sickness ¼LokLF; ,oa chekjh½

-   Problems – constipation and diarrhea, retention and incontinence of urine. ¼leL;k,¡&dCt ,oa nLr] ewy dk vla;e rFkk çfr/kkj.k½

-   Nurse’s role in meeting elimination needs. ¼fuLdklu vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk djus esa ulZ dh Hkwfedk½

-   Offering bedpan and urinal, ¼'k¸;k eyik= ¼csMiSu½ ,oa ewyik= çLrko½

-   Observing and Recording abnormalities. ¼vlkekU;rkvksa dk voyksdu ,oa fjdkWfMZax½

-   Preparation and giving of laxative, suppositories, enemas, bowel wash, flatus tube. ¼jspd] liksflVjh] ,uhek] vka= /kkou] vikuok;q ufydk rS;kj djuk ,oa nsukA½

-   Perineal care, care of patient with urinary catheter, diapers. ¼ewyk/kkj ns[kHkky] ewy dSFksVj] Mk;ij ds lkFk jksxh dh ns[kHkky½

-   Maintenance of intake and output records ¼vUrZxzg.k ,oa fuxar fjdkWMZ dk laj{k.k½

Psychological and spiritual needs ¼euksoSKkfud ,oa vk/;kfRed vko’;drk,¡½

-   Importance ¼egÙo½

-   Nurse’s role ¼ulZ dh Hkwfedk½

-   Diversional and Recreational therapy ¼fofo/k ,oa euksfon fpfdRlk½

Care of terminally ill and dying ¼vR; jksxh ,oa e`R;qdkfyd dh ns[kHkky½

-   dying patient’s signs and symptoms of approaching death, needs of dying patient and family, ¼e`R;qdkfyd ejht ds ladsr ,oa ekSr ds djhc vkus ds y{k.k] e`R;qdkfyd ejht rFkk ifjokj dh vko’;drk,¡½

-   Nursing care of dying-: Special onsiderations, advance directives, euthanasia, will, dying declaration, organ donation etc. ¼e`R;qdkfyd dh uflZax ns[kHkky&fo’ks"k vf/kdkj] vfxze funsZ’k] bPNke`R;q] bPNk e`R;q dh ?kks"k.kk] vaxnku vkfnA½

-   Medico Legal Issues ¼fpfdRld dkuwuh eqn~ns½

-   Care of the dead body ¼'ko dh ns[kHkky½

-   Care of unit¼bdkbZ dh ns[kHkky½

-   Autopsy ¼’oijh{kk½

-   Embalming ¼’koysiu½

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IV

Hygiene Personal and Mental Hygiene ¼LoPNrk O;fDrxr ,oa ekufld LoPNrk½

Care of skin, hair, teeth, eyes, ears, hands and feet, Rest and sleep, Exercise, Activity, recreation, posture, nutrition, elimination and menstrual hygiene Developing good health habits ¼Ùopk] cky] nk¡r] vk¡[k] dku] gkFk ,oa iSj] vkjke rFkk uhan] O;k;ke] xfrfof/k] euksjatu] vklu] iks"k.k] foyksiu rFkk ekfld /keZ LoPNrk dh ns[kHkky vPNh LokLF; vknrksa dk fodkl&½

-   Prevention and protection of disease ¼chekjh dk fuokj.k ,oa lqj{kk½

-   Maintenance of health records ¼LokLF; fjdkWMZ dk laj{k.k½

-   Reproductive health and hygiene ¼iztuu LokLF; ,oa LoPNrk½

-   Sex education and hygiene ¼;kSu f’k{kk ,oa LoPNrk½

Mental Health and hygiene ¼ekufld LokLF; ,oa LoPNrk½

-   Concepts of Mental Health and Hygiene. ¼ekufld LokLF; ,oa LoPNrk dh vo/kkj.kk½

-   Characteristics of a Physically and Mentally Healthy Person¼'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld :i ls LokLFk O;fDr ds y{k.k½

-   Mental Hygiene in Intrauterine, Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood and old age. ¼varxZHkkZ’k;h] f’k’kq] cpiu] fd’kksjkoLFkk] o;Ldrk rFkk o`)koLFkk esa ekufld LoPNrkA½

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V

Assessment of patient/client ¼jksxh@lsokFkhZ dk vkadyu½

a)       Physical Assessment ¼HkkSfrd vkadyu½

-   Importance, principles, methods of assessment ¼egÙo] fl)kUr] vkadyu ds i)fr½

-   Height, Weight, posture ¼Å¡pkbZ] otu] vklu½

-   Head to toe examination. ¼flj ls iSj dh vaxqyh dk ijh{k.k½

b)       Physiological Assessment ¼'kkjhfjd vkadyu½

-   Vital signs, normal, abnormal Characteristics  factors influencing the variations, ¼dkjdksa dks çHkkfor djus okys egÙoiw.kZ ladsr] lkekU;] vlkekU; y{k.k]½

-   Observation and collection of specimens-urine, stool, vomitus and sputum. ¼çs{k.k ,oa uewuksa dk laxzg&ewy] ey] oeu rFkk FkwdA½

Psychological Assessment-Mood, Intelligence, Emotions Normal and Abnormal behavior. ¼'kkjhfjd vkadyu&euksn’kk] çKrk] lkekU; Hkkouk,¡ ,oa vlkekU; O;ogkjA½

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VI

Infection Control ¼laØe.k fu;a=.k½

a)       Infection Control : ¼laØe.k fu;a=.k½

-   Nature of Infection¼laØe.k dh çd`fr½

-   Chain of Infection Transmission ¼laØe.k lapj.k dh J`a[kyk½

-   Defense Against infection : Natural and Acquired ¼lØe.k ds fo#) j{kk&çk—frd ,oa vfHkx`ghr½

-   Hospital Acquired Infection (Nosocomial Infection) ¼vLirky ls çkIr laØe.k ¼vLirkyh; laØe.k½

b)       Concept of Asepsis : ¼vkiwfrrk dh vo/kkj.kk½

-   Medical and Surgical Asepsis ¼fpfdRlk ,oa 'kY; fpfdRlk vkiwfrrk½

-   Isolation Precautions , Barrier Nursing ¼çkFkZD; dh lko/kkfj;k¡] uflZax vojks/k½

-   Hand Washing : Simple, Hand Asepsis, Surgical Asepsis (SCRUB) ¼gkFk dks /kksuk&vklku] gkFk dh vkiwfrrk] 'kY; fpfdRlk viwfrrk ¼LØc½

-   Isolation – Source and Protection ¼çkFkZD; &Lkzksr rFkk laj{k.k½

-   Personal Protective Equipments –Types, uses and techniques of wearing and removing ¼O;fDrxr lqj{kk midj.k&iguus rFkk gVkus dh rduhd] mi;ksx ,oa çdkj½

-   Decontamination of unit and Equipment ¼Js.kh rFkk lkexzh dk ifj’kks/ku½

-   Transportation of Infected Patient ¼laØfer jksxh dk ifjogu½

-   Standard Safety Precaution ¼ekud lqj{kk lko/kkuh½

-   Transmission Based Precautions ¼lapj.k vk/kkfjr lko/kkfu;k¡½

c)       bio-medical waste management ¼tSo&fpfdRlk vif’k"V çca/ku½

-   Importance ¼egÙo½

-   Types of Hospital Wastes ¼vLirky vif’k"V ds çdkj½

-   Hazards Associated with hospital waste ¼vLirky ds vif’k"V ls lacaf/kr [krjs½

-   Decontamination of Hospital waste ¼vLirky ds vif’k"V dk ifj’kks/ku½

-   Segregation and Transportation ¼fo;kstu ,oa ifjogu½

-   Disposal ¼fuLrkj.k½

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