Biochemistry and Physiology (Zoology)

Unit No.

Topics

Total No. of

Lectures (60)

I

Structure and Function of Biomolecules

• Structure and Biological importance of carbohydrates (Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides and Glycoconjugates)

• Lipids (saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Tri-acylglycerols, Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Steroids)

• Structure, Classification and General properties of α-amino acids; Essential and non-essential α-amino acids, Levels of organization in proteins; Simple and conjugate proteins.

(08)

II

Enzyme Action and Regulation

• Nomenclature and classification of enzymes; Cofactors; Specificity of enzyme action

• Isozymes; Mechanism of enzyme action

• Enzyme kinetics; Factors affecting rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions; Derivation of Michaelis-Menten equation, Concept of Km and Vmax, Lineweaver-Burk plot; Enzyme inhibition;

• Allosteric enzymes and their kinetics; Regulation of enzyme action

(02)

III

Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Lipids

• Metabolism of Carbohydrates: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, phosphate pentose pathway

• Glycogenolysis and Glycogenesis

• Lipids --- Biosynthesis of palmitic acid; Ketogenesis,

• β-oxidation and omega -oxidation of saturated fatty acids with even and odd number of carbon atoms

(09)

IV

Metabolism of Proteins and Nucleotides

• Catabolism of amino acids: Transamination, Deamination, Urea cycle

• Nucleotides and vitamins

• Review of mitochondrial respiratory chain, Oxidative phosphorylation, and its regulation

(06)

Digestion and Respiration

• Structural organization and functions of gastrointestinal tract and associated glands

• Mechanical and chemical digestion of food; Absorptions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, minerals and vitamins; Histology of trachea and lung

• Mechanism of respiration, Pulmonary ventilation; Respiratory volumes and capacities; Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood Respiratory pigments, Dissociation curves and the factors influencing it; Control of respiration

(07)

Circulation and Excretion

• Components of blood and their functions

• Haemostasis: Blood clotting system, Blood groups: Rh factor, ABO and MN

• Structure of mammalian heart

• Cardiac cycle; Cardiac output and its regulation, Electrocardiogram, Blood pressure and its regulation

• Structure of kidney and its functional unit; Mechanism of urine formation

(08)

VII

Nervous System and Endocrinology

• Structure of neuron, resting membrane potential

• Origin of action potential and its propagation across the myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers

• Types of synapse

• Endocrine glands - pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal; hormones secreted by them

• Classification of hormones; Mechanism of Hormone action

(08)

VIII

Muscular System

• Histology of different types of muscle; Ultra structure of skeletal muscle;

• Molecular and chemical basis of muscle contraction; Characteristics of

• muscle twitch; Motor unit, summation and tetanus

(07)