Applied Biochemistry

Unit

Learning Outcomes

Content

Time

(Hrs)

I

Describe the metabolism of carbohydrates and its alterations

Carbohydrates

·         Digestion, absorption and metabolism of carbohydrates and related disorders

·         Regulation of blood glucose

·         Diabetes Mellitus – type 1 and type 2, symptoms, complications & management in brief

·         Investigations of Diabetes Mellitus

o    OGTT – Indications, Procedure, Interpretation and types of GTT curve

o    Mini GTT, extended GTT, GCT, IV GTT

o    HbA1c (Only definition)

·         Hypoglycemia – Definition & causes

8 (T)

II

Explain the metabolism of lipids and its alterations

Lipids

·         Fatty acids – Definition, classification

·         Definition & Clinical significance of MUFA & PUFA, Essential fatty acids, Trans fatty acids

·         Digestion, absorption & metabolism of lipids & related disorders

·         Compounds formed from cholesterol

·         Ketone bodies (name, types & significance only)

·         Lipoproteins – types & functions (metabolism not required)

·         Lipid profile

·         Atherosclerosis (in brief)

8 (T)

III

Explain the metabolism of amino acids and proteins

Identify alterations in disease conditions

Proteins

·         Classification of amino acids based on nutrition, metabolic rate with examples

·         Digestion, absorption & metabolism of protein & related disorders

·         Biologically important compoundssynthesized from various amino acids (only names)

·         In born errors of amino acid metabolism – only aromatic amino acids (in brief)

·         Plasma protein – types, function & normal values

·         Causes of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyper-gamma globinemia

·         Principle of electrophoresis, normal & abnormal electrophoretic patterns (in brief)

9 (T)

IV

Explain clinical enzymology in various disease conditions

Clinical Enzymology

·         Isoenzymes – Definition & properties

·         Enzymes of diagnostic importance in

o    Liver Diseases – ALT, AST, ALP, GGT

o    Myocardial infarction – CK, cardiac troponins, AST, LDH

o    Muscle diseases – CK, Aldolase

o    Bone diseases – ALP

o    Prostate cancer – PSA, ACP

4 (T)

V

Explain acid base balance, imbalance

and its clinical significance

Acid base maintenance

·         pH – definition, normal value

·         Regulation of blood pH – blood buffer, respiratory & renal

·         ABG – normal values

·         Acid base disorders – types, definition & causes

3 (T)

VI

Describe the metabolism of hemoglobin and its clinical significance

Heme catabolism

·         Heme degradation pathway

·         Jaundice – type, causes, urine & blood investigations (van den berg test)

2 (T)

VII

Explain different function tests and interpret the findings

The Renal System

·         Structure of kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra

·         Application and implication in nursing

Organ function tests (biochemical

parameters & normal values only)

·         Renal

·         Liver

·         Thyroid

3 (T)

VIII

Illustrate the

immunochemistry

Immunochemistry

·         Structure & functions of immunoglobulin

·         Investigations & interpretation – ELISA

3 (T)