SYLLABUS

Introduction to Cyber security for Pune University 

1. Introduction to Cybersecurity Concepts

• What is Cybersecurity?

• Importance of cybersecurity in modern digital life

• Cybersecurity goals: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability (CIA Triad)

2. Types of Cyber Threats

• Malware: Virus, Worms, Trojans, Ransomware

• Social engineering: Phishing, Vishing

• Denial of Service (DoS), DDoS attacks

• Insider threats

3. Basic Security Practices

• Password hygiene and authentication

• Firewalls and antivirus basics

• Safe browsing practices

• Protecting personal data and devices

4. Cyber Laws in India

• Overview of IT Act 2000

• Legal aspects of hacking, fraud, and cyberbullying

• Cybercrime reporting procedures

5. Cyber Ethics and Digital Citizenship

• Responsible use of the internet

• Plagiarism, digital etiquette

• Privacy vs surveillance debates

SYLLABUS

PHP

phpMyAdmin / MySQL Integration

• Database creation and management via phpMyAdmin

• Basic CRUD operations (INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE) using PHP–MySQLi

PHP Basics (typically implied in syllabus)

• Syntax, variables, data types, operators, control structures, loops, conditionals (aligned from teaching pattern)

Form Handling and Input Processing (common in 2019‐pattern syllabus)

• GET/POST, form validation, sticky forms, email/regex checks

User-Defined Functions

• Creating functions — e.g. factorial, prime checking, string and array utilities

Arrays & String Functions

• PHP built‑ins: sort(), merge(), associative arrays , string operations

SYLLABUS

DATA STRUCTURE

Arrays & Strings

• One-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays: definition, declaration, initialization, access

• Algorithms: finding min/max, reversing arrays, identifying odd/even/prime numbers

• Matrix operations: addition, multiplication, transpose, symmetry, triangular matrix 

• String handling: standard library use; custom implementations without built-in functions

Functions

• Function types, declarations, calls, purpose

• Call by value vs call by reference

• Storage classes (auto, static, register, extern)

 Pointers & Dynamic Memory

• Pointer basics, arithmetic, indirection operator (& and *)

• Pointer-expression operations

• Dynamic memory allocation: malloc, calloc, realloc, free

• Pointer usage in function calls and return values

Structures & Unions

• Defining structures, accessing members, nested structures, arrays of structures

• Pointers to structures and passing structures to functions

• Differences between structures and unions

• Introduction to unions

Preprocessor Directives & File Handling

(Included in revised NEP‑pattern syllabus)

• Preprocessor: #include, #define (macros, including parameterized/nested macros)

• File handling: streams, types of files (text & binary), operations (fopen, fclose, fgetc, fputc, fseek, fgets, fputs), random access files