(CHEMISTRY,Paper-2) ORGANIC CHEMISTRY कार्बनिक रसायनविज्ञान UOR B.Sc,B.ED Scond Year

Unit-I

Electromagnetic Spectrum: An Introduction

Absorption Spectroscopy

Ultraviolet (UV) Spectroscopy: Absorption laws (Beer-Lambert Law), molar absorptivity, presentation and analysis of UV spectra, types of electronic transitions, effect of solvents on transitions, effect of conjugation. Concept of chromophore and auxochrome. Bathochromic, hypochromic and hyperchromic and hypochromic shifts: UV spectra of conjugated dienes and enones.

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Molecular vibrations, Hooke’s law, selection rules, intensity and position of IR bands, measurement of IR spectrum. Fingerprint region, characteristics absorption of various functional groups and interpretation of IR spectra of simple organic compounds.

bdkbZ-I

fo|qrpqacdh; LisDVªe& ,d ifjp;

vo'kks"k.k LisDVªksLdksih

ijkcSaxuh ¼UV½ LisDVªksLdksih& vo'kks"k.k fu;e ¼ch;j&ySEcVZ fu;e½] eksyj vo'kks"k.k] ijkcSaxuh LisDVªk dh çLrqfr vkSj fo'ys"k.k] bysDVª‚fud laØe.k ds çdkj] laØe.k ij foyk;d dk çHkko] la;qXeu dk çHkkoA ØkseksQksj vkSj v‚DlksØkse dh vo/kkj.kkA ckFkksØksfed] gkbiksØksfed vkSj gkbijØksfed vkSj gkbiksØksfed foLFkkiu& la;qfXer MkbZUl vkSj ,uksUl ds ijkcSaxuh LisDVªkA

vojDr ¼IR½ LisDVªksLdksih& vk.kfod daiu] gqd dk fu;e] p;u fu;e] IR cSaM dh rhozrk vkSj fLFkfr] IR LisDVªe dk ekiuA fQaxjfçaV {ks=] fofHkUu fØ;kRed lewgksa dh fo'ks"krk vo'kks"k.k vkSj ljy dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa ds IR LisDVªk dh O;k[;kA

Unit-II

Alcohols: Classification and nomenclature.

Monohydric Alcohols: Methods of formation by reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters. Hydrogen bonding, Acidic nature, Reactions of alcohol with mechanism.

Dihydric Alcohols- Methods of formation, chemical reactions of vicinal glycols, oxidative cleavage [Pb(OAc)₄ and HIO₄] and pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement.

Trihydric Alcohols- Methods of formation, chemical reactions of glycerol.

Phenols

Nomenclature, structure and bonding, Preparation of Phenols. Physical properties and acidic character. Comparative acidic strength of alcohols and phenols. Reactions of phenols electrophilic aromatic substitution, acylation and carboxylation. Mechanisms of Fries rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement, Gatterman synthesis, Hauben-Hoesch reaction. Lederer Manasse reaction and Reimer Tiemann reaction.

Ethers and Epoxides

Methods of formation physical properties, Chemical reactions cleavage and auto oxidation Ziesel’s method.

Synthesis of epoxides, Acid and base-catalyzed ring opening of epoxides, orientation of epoxide ring opening, reactions of Grignard and organolithium reagents with epoxides.

bdkbZ-II

,Ydksgy& oxhZdj.k vkSj ukedj.kA

eksuksgkbfMªd ,Ydksgy& ,fYMgkbM] dhVksu] dkcksZfDlfyd vEy vkSj ,LVj dh deh ls cuus dh fof/k;k¡A gkbMªkstu ca/k] vEyh; ç—fr] ra= ds lkFk ,Ydksgy dh vfHkfØ;k,¡A

MkbgkbfMªd ,Ydksgy& cukus dh fof/k;k¡] fofluy Xykbdksy dh jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡] v‚Dlhdj fonyu [Pb(OAc)₄ vkSj HIO₄ vkSj fiukdksy&fiukdksyksu iquO;ZoLFkkiuA

VªkbgkbfMªd ,Ydksgy& fuekZ.k dh fof/k;k¡] fXyljkWy dh jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡A

fQuksy

ukedj.k] lajpuk vkSj ca/k] fQuksy dh rS;kjhA HkkSfrd xq.k vkSj vEyh; xq.kA ,Ydksgy vkSj fQuksy dh rqyukRed vEyh; lkaærkA fQuksy dh vfHkfØ;k,¡ bysDVªkuLusgh ,jkseSfVd çfrLFkkiu] ,flyhdj.k vkSj dkcksZfDlyhdj.kA Ýkbt iquO;ZoLFkkiu] Dyslsu iquO;ZoLFkkiu] xkVjeSu la'ys"k.k] gkScsu&gks'k vfHkfØ;k dh fØkfof/kA ysMjj ekuls vfHkfØ;k vkSj jhej fVeku vfHkfØ;kA

bZFkj vkSj ,ikWDlkbM

fuekZ.k dh fof/k;k¡ HkkSfrd xq.k/keZ] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡ fonyu vkSj Lor% v‚Dlhdj.k thlsy dh fof/kA

,ikWDlkbM dk la'ys"k.k] ,ikWDlkbM dk vEy vkSj {kkj&mRçsfjr oy; }kjd] ,ikWDlkbM oy; }kjd dk vfHkfoU;kl] fxzxukMZ vkSj v‚xsZuksfyfFk;e vfHkdeZdksa dh ,ikWDlkbM ds lkFk vfHkfØ;k,¡A

Unit-III

Aldehydes and Ketones

Structure of the carbonyl group, Synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides, Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones using 1, 3-dithianes, syntheses of ketones from nitriles and from carboxylic acids. Physical properties.

Mechanism of nucleophilc additions to carbonyl group with particular emphasis on benzoin, aldol, Perkin and Knoevenagel condensations. Condensation with ammonia and its derivatives. Witting reaction, Mannich reaction. Oxidation of aldehydes, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones. Cannizzaro reaction, MPV (Meervein-Pondrof-Verley), Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAlH₄ and NaBH₄ reductions, Halogenation of enolizable ketones. Use of acetals and 1,3-dithiane as protecting group.

bdkbZ-III

,fYMgkbM ,oa dhVksu

dkcksZfuy lewg dh lajpuk] vEy DyksjkbM ls ,fYMgkbM dk la'ys"k.k] 1] 3&MkbfFk;su dk mi;ksx djds ,fYMgkbM vkSj dhVksu dk la'ys"k.k] ukbVªkby vkSj dkcksZfDlfyd vEy ls dhVksu dk la'ys"k.kA HkkSfrd xq.k/keZA

csatksbu ij fo'ks"k tksj nsus ds lkFk dkcksZfuy lewg esa UkkfHkdLusgh ;ksxksa dh fØ;kfof/k] ,YMksy] ifdZu vkSj uksosusty la?kuuA veksfu;k vkSj mlds O;qRiUuksa ds lkFk la?kuuA fofVax vfHkfØ;k] eSfup vfHkfØ;kA ,fYMgkbM dk v‚Dlhdj.k] dhVksUl dk cs;j&fofyxj v‚Dlhdj.kA dSfutkjks vfHkfØ;k] MPV ¼ehjokbu&iksaMªksQ&osysZ½] Dysesalu] oksYQ&fd'kuj] LiAlH₄ vkSj NaBH₄ vip;u] ,uksfytscy dhVksUl dk gSykstuhdj.kA lqj{kk lewg ds :i esa ,lhVy vkSj 1]3&MkbfFk;u dk mi;ksxA

Unit-IV

Carboxylic Acids

Structure and bonding, physical properties, acidity of carboxylic acids, effects of substituents on acid strength, Preparation of carboxylic acids. Reactions of carboxylic acids, Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. Reduction of carboxylic acids, Mechanism of decarboxylation.

Methods of formation and chemical reactions of
halo-acids. Hydroxy acids, malic, tartaric and citric acids.

Dicarboxylic acids methods of formation and effect of heat and dehydrating agents (succinic, glutaric and adipic acids).

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure, nomenclature and synthesis of acid chlorides, esters, amides (urea) and acid anhydrides. Relative stability of acyl derivatives. Physical properties, inter conversion of acid derivatives by nucleophilic acyl substitution.

Preparation of carboxylic acid derivatives, chemical reactions, Mechanisms of esterification and hydrolysis (acidic and basic).

bdkbZ-IV

dkcksZfDlfyd vEy

lajpuk vkSj ca/k] HkkSfrd xq.k] dkcksZfDlfyd vEy dh vEyrk] vEy dh lkUærk ij çfrLFkkiu ds çHkko] dkcksZfDlfyd vEy dh rS;kjhA dkcksZfDlfyd vEy dh vfHkfØ;k,a] gsy&oksygkMZ&tsfyaLdh vfHkfØ;kA dkcksZfDlfyd vEy dk vip;u] MhdkcksZfDlyhdj.k fØ;kfof/kA

gsyks&vEy ds fuekZ.k dh fof/k;k¡ vkSj jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡A gkbMªkWDlh vEy] eSfyd] VkVZfjd vkSj lkbfVªd vEyA

MkbdkcksZfDlfyd vEy ds fuekZ.k dh fof/k;k¡ vkSj Å"ek vkSj futZyhdj.k dkjdksa ¼lfDlfud] XywVsfjd vkSj ,fMfid vEy½ dk çHkkoA

dkcksZfDlfyd vEy O;qRiUu

lajpuk] vEy DyksjkbM] ,LVj] ,ekbM ¼;wfj;k½ vkSj vEy ,ugkbMªkbM~l dk ukedj.k vkSj la’ys"k.kA ,fly O;qRiUu dh lkis{k fLFkjrkA HkkSfrd xq.k/keZ] ukfHkdLusgh ,fly çfrLFkkiu }kjk vEy O;qRiUu dk varj :ikarj.kA

dkcksZfDlfyd vEy O;qRiUu dh rS;kjh] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡] ,LVjhdj.k vkSj tyvi?kVu ¼vEyh; vkSj {kkjh;½ fØ;kfof/kA

Unit-V

Organic Compounds of Nitrogen

Preparation of nitroalkanes and nitroarenes. Chemical reactions of nitroalkanes, Mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution in nitroarenes and their reductions in acidic, neutral and alkaline media Picric acid.

Amines: Structure, nomenclature and preparation of alkyl and aryl amines (reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles), reductive amination of aldehydic and ketonic compounds. Physicall properties, stereochemistry of amines. Separation of a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Structural features effecting basicity of amines. Amine salts as phase-transfer catalysis. Gabriel-phathalimide reaction and Hoffman bromamide reaction with mechanism.

Reactions of amines, electrophilic aromatic substitution in aryl amines, reactions of amines with nitrons and Diazotisation and mechanism. Synthetic transformations of aryl diazonium salts, azo coupling and its applications.

bdkbZ-V

ukbVªkstu ds dkcZfud ;kSfxd

ukbVªks,sYdsu vkSj ukbVªks,jhUl dh rS;kjhA ukbVªks,sYdsu dh jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡] ukbVªks,jhUl esa ukfHkdLusgh çfrLFkkiu dh fØ;kfof/k vkSj vEyh;] mnklhu vkSj {kkjh; ek/;e fifØd vEy esa mudk vip;uA

,sehu& ,sfYdy vkSj ,fjy ,sehu dh lajpuk] ukedj.k vkSj rS;kjh ¼ukbVªks ;kSfxdksa] ukbVªkbYl dk vip;u½] ,fYMgkbfMd vkSj dhVksfud ;kSfxdksa dk vip;ukRed ,sehuhdj.kA HkkSfrd xq.k/keZ] ,sehu dk f=foe jlk;uA çkFkfed] f}rh;d vkSj r`rh;d ,sehu ds feJ.k dk i`FkDdj.kA ,sehu dh {kkjh;rk dks çHkkfor djus okyh lajpukRed fo'ks"krk,¡A ÁkoLFkk&LFkkukarj.k mRçsjd ds :i esa ,sehu yo.kA xSfcz;y&FkSyhekbM vfHkfØ;k vkSj g‚QeSu czksekekbM vfHkfØ;k dh fØ;kfof/kA

,sehuksa dh vfHkfØ;k,¡] ,fjy ,sehuksa esa bysDVªkWLusgh ,sjkseSfVd çfrLFkkiu] ukbVªkWUl ds lkFk ,sehuksa dh vfHkfØ;k,¡ rFkk Mkb,tksVkbts'ku vkSj fØ;kfof/kA ,fjy Mkb,tksfu;e yo.kksa ds flaFksfVd :ikarj.k] ,stks ;qXeu vkSj mldk vuqç;ksxA