( ZOOLOGY ) Genetics and Cell Biology आनुवंशिक एवं कोशिका जीवविज्ञान

Genetics:

Mendel’s life, Pre-Mendelian experiments, symbols and terminologies, Laws of dominance, Segregation and Independent assortment.

Linkage: Coupling and repulsion hypothesis, Morgan’s view of linkage, kinds of linkage, chromosome theory of linkage.

Crossing Over: Somatic and germinal crossing over, kinds of crossing over, theories of the mechanism of crossing over, significance.

Eukaryotic Chromosomes: Structure, chemical composition, classification and uninemic and multinemic concept of chromosome structure. Structure and functions of polytene and lampbrush chromosomes.

Determination of Sex: chromosome mechanism, Genic balance theory, External environment and sex determination.

Sex Linked Inheritance: Inheritance of X-linked gene (Colour blindness and haemophilia in man), Sex linkage in Drosophila.

Mutation: Historical background, chromosomal mutation (Chromosomal aberrations), gene mutations and their interpretation.

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Cell Biology:

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells; Ultrastructure of eukaryotic cell; Plasma membrane (Ultrastructure, chemical composition, models of plasma membrane; Specialisations of plasma membrane, functions of plasma membrane).

Structure and Functions of following Cell Organelles: (a) Mitochondria (b) Ribosomes (c) Lysosomes (d) Centrioles (e) Golgi Complex (f) Endoplasmic reticulum. Structure and functions of Nucleus and nucleolus.

Cell Division: (a) Cell cycle (b) Mitosis (Process of mitosis, mitotic poisons and significance of mitosis), (c) Meiosis (Process of meiosis, structure and functions of synaptonemal complex, significance of meiosis). An idea of cell transformation and cancer.

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