Plant Ecology and Phytogeography |Botony paper-II| Bihar B.Sc | Fifth Semester

Unit

Topics

Hours

1

Environment, Ecology, Biosphere, Biome, habitat, niche; Adaptation of hydrophytes and xerophytes

Biotic Interactions: Beneficial and harmful interactions (symbiosis, commensalism, amensalism, herbivory, predation, parasitism)

i;kZoj.k] ikfjfLFkfrdh] tSoeaMy] ck;kse] oklLFkku] fups( tyksn~fHkn vkSj e:n~fHkn dk vuqdwyu

tSfod var%fØ;k,¡& ykHkdkjh vkSj gkfudkjd var%fØ;k,¡ ¼lgthou] ijthfork] lgthfork] 'kkdkgkjh] ijHkf{krk] ijthohokn½

06

2

Population Ecology: Characteristics and Regulations

Community Ecology: Concept of ecological amplitude; Characters: analytical and synthetic; Ecotone and edge effect; Dynamics: succession (Hydrosere and Xerosere)

Ecosystem: Structure and function of ecosystem, food chains and webs, Principles and models of energy flow, ecological pyramids

tula[;k ikfjfLFkfrdh& fo'ks"krk,¡ vkSj fofu;eu

lkeqnkf;d ikfjfLFkfrdh& ikfjfLFkfrd vk;ke dh vo/kkj.kk( y{k.k( fo'ys"k.kkRed vkSj flaFksfVd( bdksVksu vkSj ,t bQsDV( xfrdh( vuqØe ¼gkbMªksfl;j vkSj thjksfl;j½

ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=& ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dh lajpuk vkSj dk;Z] [kk| J`a[kyk vkSj tky] ÅtkZ çokg ds fl)kar vkSj e‚My] ikfjfLFkfrd fijkfeM

12

3

Soil: Origin, formation, Composition (Physical, Chemical and Biological), Soil profile and importance

Water: Precipitation types (rain, fog, snow, hail, dew), Soil water and Water table

e`nk& mRifÙk] xBu] la?kVu ¼HkkSfrd] jklk;fud vkSj tSfod½] e`nk ifjPNsfndk vkSj egRo

ty& o"kZ.k ds çdkj ¼ckfj'k] dksgjk] fgeikr] vksyko`f"V] vksl½] e`nk ty vkSj ty Lrj

10

4

Biogeochemical Cycles: Gaseous and sedimentary cycles, Hydrological cycle

Environmental Pollution: Air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, radioactive pollution and their control measures, global Warming and Ozone hole

Phytogeography: Major vegetational belts of India, Basic concept of wetlands with special reference to Bihar; Conservation of biodiversity

tSo&Hkw&jklk;fud pØ& xSlh; vkSj volknh pØ] gkbMªksykWftd pØ

i;kZoj.k çnw"k.k& ok;q çnw"k.k] ty çnw"k.k] /ofu çnw"k.k] jsfM;ks/kehZ çnw"k.k vkSj muds fu;a=.k ds mik;] Xykscy okfeaZx vkSj vkstksu fNæ

ikni Hkwxksy& Hkkjr ds çeq[k ouLifr {ks=] fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa vknZzHkwfe dh ewy vo/kkj.kk( tSo fofo/krk dk laj{k.k

12

Total ¼dqy½

40

1) Determination of pH of various soil and water samples

2) Analysis for carbonates, chlorides, nitrates, sulphates, organic matter and base deficiency from two soil samples by rapid soil tests

3) Study of morphological and anatomical adaptations of hydrophytes and xerophytes

4) Study of biotic interactions of the following: Stem parasite (Cuscuta), Root parasite (Orobanche) Epiphytes, Predation (Insectivorous plants) through specimens/photographs

5) Quantitative analysis of herbaceous vegetation in the college campus for frequency and comparison with Raunkiaer’s frequency distribution law

6) Quantitative analysis of herbaceous vegetation for density and abundance in the college campus field visit

1) fofHkUu e`nk ,oa ty uewuksa ds pH dk fu/kkZj.k

2) nks e`nk uewuksa ls dkcksZusV] DyksjkbM] ukbVªsV] lYQsV] dkcZfud inkFkZ vkSj {kkj dh deh dk fo'ys"k.k] Rofjr e`nk ijh{k.k }kjk

3) tyksn~fHkn vkSj e:n~fHkn esa dkf;Zdh; vkSj 'kkjhfjd vuqdwyu dk v/;;u

4) fuEufyf[kr dh tSfod var%fØ;kvksa dk v/;;u& ruk ijthoh ¼dLdqVk½] tM+ ijthoh ¼vksjkscSadh½ vf/kikni] ijHk{kh ¼dhVHk{kh ikS/ks½ uewuksa@QksVksxzkQ ds ek/;e ls

5) d‚yst ifjlj esa 'kkdkgkjh ouLifr;ksa dh vko`fÙk vkSj jkSufd;j ds vko`fÙk forj.k fu;e ds lkFk rqyuk ds fy, ek=kRed fo'ys"k.k

6) d‚yst ifjlj esa 'kkdkgkjh ouLifr;ksa dh ?kuRo vkSj çpqjrk ds fy, ek=kRed fo'ys"k.k] QhYM foftV

Unit

Topics

Hours

1

Environment, Ecology, Biosphere, Biome, habitat, niche; Adaptation of hydrophytes and xerophytes

Biotic Interactions: Beneficial and harmful interactions (symbiosis, commensalism, amensalism, herbivory, predation, parasitism)

i;kZoj.k] ikfjfLFkfrdh] tSoeaMy] ck;kse] oklLFkku] fups( tyksn~fHkn vkSj e:n~fHkn dk vuqdwyu

tSfod var%fØ;k,¡& ykHkdkjh vkSj gkfudkjd var%fØ;k,¡ ¼lgthou] ijthfork] lgthfork] 'kkdkgkjh] ijHkf{krk] ijthohokn½

06

2

Community Ecology: Concept of ecological amplitude; Characters: analytical and synthetic; Dynamics: succession (Hydrosere and Xerosere)

Ecosystem: Structure and function of ecosystem, food chains and webs, Principles and models of energy flow, ecological pyramids

lkeqnkf;d ikfjfLFkfrdh& ikfjfLFkfrd vk;ke dh vo/kkj.kk( y{k.k( fo'ys"k.kkRed vkSj flaFksfVd( xfrdh( vuqØe ¼gkbMªksfl;j vkSj thjksfl;j½

ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=& ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dh lajpuk vkSj dk;Z] [kk| J`a[kyk vkSj tky] ÅtkZ çokg ds fl)kar vkSj e‚My] ikfjfLFkfrd fijkfeM

10

3

Soil: Origin, formation, Composition (Physical, Chemical and Biological), Soil profile and importance

e`nk& mRifÙk] fuekZ.k] la?kVu ¼HkkSfrd] jklk;fud vkSj tSfod½] e`nk ifjPNsfndk vkSj egRo

04

4

Biogeochemical Cycles: Gaseous cycles,

Environmental Pollution: Air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, radioactive pollution and their control measures, global Warming and Ozone hole

Phytogeography: Major vegetational of India,

tSo&Hkw&jklk;fud pØ& xSlh; pØ

i;kZoj.k çnw"k.k& ok;q çnw"k.k] ty çnw"k.k] /ofu çnw"k.k] jsfM;ks/kehZ çnw"k.k vkSj muds fu;a=.k ds mik;] Xykscy okfeaZx vkSj vkstksu fNæ

ikni Hkwxksy& Hkkjr ds çeq[k ouLifr {ks=]

10

Total ¼dqy½

30