(Botany) Cell Biology, Molecular Biology Genetics ( कोशिका जीवविज्ञान, आणविक जीवविज्ञान और आनुवंशिकी ) B.Sc 2nd Sem UOR

Unit ¼bdkbZ½

Topic

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Hrs. ¼?k.Vs½

Unit I

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Ultrastructure of Cell and Cell Organelles: Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cell structure; Ultrastructure and functions of different cell organelles (Cell wall, Plasma membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Ribosome, Peroxisomes, Lysosome, Golgi bodies and Endoplasmic Reticulum); Basic idea of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast genome.

कोशिका और कोशिकांगों की अतिसूक्ष्म संरचना- यूकैरियोटिक और प्रोकैरियोटिक कोशिका संरचना; विभिन्न कोशिकांगों की अतिसूक्ष्म संरचना और कार्य (कोशिका भित्ति, प्लाज्मा झिल्ली, केन्द्रक, माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया, क्लोरोप्लास्ट, राइबोसोम, पेरोक्सीसोम, लाइसोसोम, गॉल्जी काय और अंतः प्रद्रव्यी जालिका); माइटोकॉन्ड्रियल और क्लोरोप्लास्ट जीनोम का मूल विचार।

15 hrs

Unit II

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Chromosome Organization: Chromosome Morphology, Specialized types of Chromosomes: Polytene chromosomes.

Cell Division: Cell cycle; Mitosis and Meiosis, Chromosomal aberrations in human and ploidy in plants: Deletion, Duplication, Translocation, Inversion, Aneuploidy and Polyploidy.

Mutations: Spontaneous and induced Mutations, Physical and Chemical mutagens.

xुणसूत्र संगठन- गुणसूत्र आकारिकी, गुणसूत्रों के विशिष्ट प्रकार- पॉलीटीन गुणसूत्र।

कोशिका विभाजन- कोशिका चक्र; समसूत्री विभाजन और अर्धसूत्रीविभाजन, मानव में गुणसूत्री विपथन और पादपों में प्लाॅइडी- विलोपन, गुणन, स्थानान्तरण, व्युत्क्रम, एन्यूप्लोइडी और पॉलीप्लोइडी।

उत्परिवर्तन- स्वतः और प्रेरित उत्परिवर्तन, भौतिक और रासायनिक उत्परिवर्तजन।

15 hrs

Unit III

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Gene and DNA: Concept of Genome, Gene.  Genetic Material: DNA as genetic material (Griffith's transformation experiment); Structure of DNA (Watson and Crick Model); Structure and function of different types of RNA (rRNA, m RNA, tRNA).

DNA Replication: Mechanisms of Eukaryotes DNA replication: Initiation, Elongation and Termination; Leading and lagging strands, Okazaki fragments. Transcription: initiation, elongation and termination.

Translation: initiation, elongation and termination in Eukaryotes Genetic code.

thu vkSj DNA& thukse dh vo/kkj.kk] thuA vkuqokaf'kd lkexzh& vkuqoaf'kd lkexzh ds :i esa DNA ¼fxzfQFk dk :ikarj.k ç;ksx½( DNA dh lajpuk ¼okVlu vkSj fØd e‚My½( fofHkUu çdkj ds RNA (rRNA, m RNA, tRNA) dh lajpuk vkSj dk;ZA  

DNA çfr—fr& ;wdSfj;ksV~l DNA çfr—fr dh fØ;kfof/k& izkjaHku] nh?khZdj.k vkSj lekiu( vxzxkeh vkSj i'pxkeh LVªS.M] vksdktkdh VqdM+sA çfrys[ku& izkjaHku] nh?khZdj.k vkSj lekiuA

vuqoknu& ;wdSfj;ksV~l vkuqokaf’kd dksM esa izkjaHku] nh?khZdj.k vkSj lekiuA

15 hrs

Unit IV

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Genetic Inheritance: Mendel's laws of inheritance and their exceptions; allelic (incomplete dominance, co-dominance, lethality) and non-allelic interactions (complementary genes, epistasis and duplicate genes); Multiple allelism (ABO blood groups in men); Quantitative inheritance (Grain color in wheat).

Cytoplasmic Inheritance: Plastid inheritance (different types of leaves in Mirabilis jalapa); Mitochondrial inheritance (Cytoplasmic male sterility in plants).

vkuqoaf'kd oa’kkxfr& esaMy ds oa'kkxfr ds fu;e vkSj muds viokn( ,syhfyd ¼viw.kZ izHkkfork] lg&izHkkfork] ?kkrdrk½ vkSj xSj&,syhfyd var%fØ;k ¼iwjd thu] Ácyrk vkSj MqfIydsV thu½( cgq,syhyokn ¼iq#"kksa esa ABO jDr lewg½( ek=kRed oa'kkxfr ¼xsgw¡ esa nkus dk jax½A

dksf’kdknzO;h oa’kkxfr& IykfLVM oa'kkxfr ¼fejkfcfyl tykik esa fofHkUu çdkj dh ifÙk;k¡½( ekbVksd‚fUMª;y oa'kkxfr ¼ikS/kksa esa dksf’kdknzO;h uj oa/;rk½A

15 hrs

Practical

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Suggested Laboratory Exercises:

•          Study of cell structure from Onion,

•          Study of cyclosis in Tradescantia spp.

•          Study of plastid for pigment distribution in Lycopersicom, Cassia and Capsicum.

•          Study of electron microphotographs of Prokaryotic cells for various cell organelles.

•          Study of electron microphotographs of virus, bacteria and eukaryotic cells for comparative study of cellular organization.

•          Study of different stages of mitosis and meiosis in root-tip cells and flower buds respectively of onion.

•          To solve genetic problems based upon Mendel's laws of inheritance: Monohybrid, Dihybrid, Back cross and test cross.

•          Permanent slides/photographs of different stages of mitosis and meiosis, polytene chromosome

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•          I;kt ls dksf'kdk lajpuk dk v/;;u]

•          VªsMLdSfUl;k iztkfr esa lkbDyksfll dk v/;;uA

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•          fofHkUu dksf'kdkaxksa ds fy, çksdSfj;ksfVd dksf'kdkvksa ds bysDVª‚u ekbØksQksVksxzkQ dk v/;;uA

•          dksf’kdh; laxBu ds rqyukRed v/;;u ds fy, ok;jl] cSDVhfj;k vkSj ;wdSfj;ksfVd dksf'kdkvksa ds bysDVª‚u ekbØksQksVksxzkQ dk v/;;uA

•          I;kt dh ewykxz dksf'kdkvksa vkSj Qwyksa dh dfy;ksa esa Øe'k% lelw=h vkSj v/kZlw=hfoHkktu ds fofHkUu pj.kksa dk v/;;uA

•          esaMy ds oa'kkxfr ds fu;eksa ds vk/kkj ij vkuqoaf'kd Á’uksa dks gy djuk( ,dladj] f}ladj] cSd Ø‚l vkSj ijh{k.k Ø‚lA

•          lelw=h vkSj v/kZlw=hfoHkktu] i‚yhVhu xq.klw= ds fofHkUu pj.kksa dh LFkk;h LykbMsa@QhVksxzk¶+l