Applied Physiology

Unit

Content

Time

(Hrs)

I

General Physiology – Basic Concepts

·     Cell physiology including transportation across cell membrane

·     Body fluid compartments, Distribution of total body fluid, intracellular and extracellular compartments, major electrolytes and maintenance of homeostasis

·     Cell cycle

·     Tissue – formation, repair

·     Membranes and glands – functions

·     Application and implication in nursing

4 (T)

II

Respiratory System

·     Functions of respiratory organs

·     Physiology of respiration

·     Pulmonary circulation – functional features

·     Pulmonary ventilation, exchange of gases

·     Carriage of oxygen and carbon-dioxide, Exchange of gases in tissue

·     Regulation of respiration

·     Hypoxia, cyanosis, dyspnoea, periodic breathing

·     Respiratory changes during exercise

·     Application and implication in nursing

6 (T)

III

Digestive System

·     Functions of the organs of digestive tract

·     Saliva – composition, regulation of secretion and functions of saliva

·     Composition and function of gastric juice, mechanism and regulation of gastric secretion

·     Composition of pancreatic juice, function, regulation of pancreatic secretion

·     Functions of liver, gall bladder and pancreas

·     Composition of bile and function

·     Secretion and function of small and large intestine

·     Movements of alimentary tract

·     Digestion in mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, absorption of food

·     Application and implications in nursing

8 (T)

IV

Circulatory and Lymphatic System

·     Functions of heart, conduction system, cardiac cycle, Stroke volume and cardiac output

·     Blood pressure and Pulse

·     Circulation – principles, factors influencing blood pressure, pulse

·     Coronary circulation, Pulmonary and systemic circulation

·     Heart rate – regulation of heart rate

·     Normal value and variations

·     Cardiovascular homeostasis in exercise and posture

·     Application and implication in nursing

6 (T)

V

Blood

·     Blood–Functions, Physical characteristics

·     Formation of blood cells

·     Erythropoiesis – Functions of RBC, RBC life cycle

·     WBC – types, functions

·     Platelets – Function and production of platelets

·     Clotting mechanism of blood, clotting time, bleeding time, PTT

·     Hemostasis – role of vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation in hemostasis, coagulation factors, intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation

·     Blood groups and types

·     Functions of reticuloendothelial system, immunity

·     Application in nursing

5 (T)

VI

The Endocrine System

·     Functions and hormones of Pineal Gland, Pituitary gland, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Pancreas and Adrenal glands.

·     Other hormones

·     Alterations in disease

·     Application and implication in nursing

5 (T)

VII

The Sensory Organs

·     Functions of skin

·     Vision, hearing, taste and smell

·     Errors of refraction, aging changes

·     Application and implications in nursing

4 (T)

VIII

Musculoskeletal System

·     Bones – Functions, movements of bones of axial and appendicular skeleton, Bone healing

·     Joints and joint movements

·     Alteration of joint disease

·     Properties and Functions of skeletal muscles–mechanism of muscle contraction

·     Structure and properties of cardiac muscles and smooth muscles

·     Application and implication in nursing

6 (T)

IX

Renal System

·     Functions of kidney in maintaining homeostasis

·     GFR

·     Functions of ureters, bladder and urethra

·     Micturition

·     Regulation of renal function

·     Application and implication in nursing

4 (T)

X

The Reproductive System

·     Female reproductive system – Menstrual cycle, function and hormones of ovary, oogenesis, fertilization, implantation, Functions of breast

·     Male reproductive system – Spermatogenesis, hormones and its functions, semen

·     Application and implication in providing nursing care

4 (T)

XI

Nervous System

·     Overview of nervous system

·     Review of types, structure and functions of neurons

·     Nerve impulse

·     Review functions of Brain–Medulla, Pons, Cerebrum, Cerebellum

·     Sensory and Motor Nervous system

·     Peripheral Nervous system

·     Autonomic Nervous system

·     Limbic system and higher mental Functions-Hippocampus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus

·     Vestibular apparatus

·     Functions of cranial nerves

·     Autonomic functions

·     Physiology of Pain-somatic, visceral and referred

·     Reflexes

·     CSF formation, composition, circulation of CSF, blood brain barrier and blood CSF barrier

·     Application and implication in nursing

8 (T)