Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-II

Syllabus

Module 01                                                                                                                           07 Hours

Metabolic Pathways in Higher Plants and Their Determination

• Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways-Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway.
• Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of Biogenetic studies.

Module 02                                                                                                                           14 Hours

General introduction, composition, chemistry and chemical classes, biosources, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of following secondary metabolites:

Alkaloids

• Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, Opium.

Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids

• Lignans, Tea, Ruta.

Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides and Triterpenoids

• Liquorice, Dioscorea, Digitalis.

Volatile Oils

• Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander.

Tannins

• Catechu, Pterocarpus.

Resins

• Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony.

Glycosides

• Senna, Aloes, Bitter Almond.

Iridoids, Other Terpenoids and Naphthaquinones

• Gentian, Artemisia, Taxus, Carotenoids.

Module 03                                                                                                                           06 Hours

Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents

Terpenoids

• Menthol, Citral, Artemisin.

Glycosides

• Glycyrhetinic acid and Rutin.

Alkaloids

• Atropine, Quinine, Reserpine, Caffeine.

Resins

• Podophyllotoxin, Curcumin.

Module 04                                                                                                                           10 Hours

Industrial Production, Estimation and Utilization of the Following Phytoconstituents

• Forskolin, Sennoside, Artemisinin, Diosgenin, Digoxin, Atropine, Podophyllotoxin, Caffeine, Taxol, Vincristine and Vinblastine.

Module 05                                                                                                                           08 Hours

Basics of Phytochemistry

• Modern methods of extraction.
• Application of latest techniques like Spectroscopy, Chromatography and Electrophoresis in the Isolation, Purification and Identification of crude drugs.