Zoology (Paper- 1) EVOLUTIONARY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY ( विकास एवं परिवर्धन जीव विज्ञान ) Book B.Sc 6th Sem UP

Unit

Topic

fo"k;

Total No. of

Lectures (60)

I

Theories of Evolution

·         Origin of Life

·         Historical Review of Evolutionary Concept: Lamarckism, Darwinism (Natural, Sexual and Artifical selection)

·         Modern synthetic theory of evolution

·                   Patterns of evolution (Divergence, Convergence, Parallel, Coevolution)

tSo fodkl ds fl)kar

·         thou dh mRifÙk

·         fodkloknh vo/kkj.kk dh ,sfrgkfld leh{kk& ySekdZokn] MkfoZuokn ¼çk—frd] ySafxd vkSj —f=e p;u½

·         fodkl dk vk/kqfud Ñf=e fl)kar

·         fodkl ds iSVuZ ¼fopyu] vfHklj.k] lekukarj] lgfodkl½

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II

Population Genetics

·         Microevolution and Macroevolution: Allele frequencies, genotype frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and conditions for its maintenance.

·         Forces of Evolution: Mutation, selection, genetic drift.

tula[;k vkuqoaf'kdh

·         lw{e fodkl vkSj o`gr~ fodkl& ,syhy vko`fÙk;ka] thuksVkbi vko`fÙk;ksa] gkMhZ&osucxZ larqyu vkSj blds j[kj[kko ds fy, 'krsaZA

·         fodkl dh 'kfDr;k¡& mRifjorZu] p;u] vkuqoaf'kd fopyuA

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III

Direct Evidences of Evolution

Types of fossils, Incompleteness of fossil record,

Dating of fossils, Phylogeny of horse

tSo fodkl ds çR;{k çek.k

thok'eksa ds çdkj] thok'e fjd‚MZ dh viw.kZrk]

thok'eksa dk dkyfu/kkZj.k] ?kksM+s dk tkfr o`Ùk

7

IV

Species Concept and Extinction

·         Biological species concept (Advantages and Limitations); Modes of speciation (Allopatric, Sympatric)

·         Mass extinction (Causes, Names of five major extinctions½

çtkfr vo/kkj.kk vkSj foyqfIr

·         tSfod çtkfr vo/kkj.kk ¼ykHk vkSj lhek,¡½( tkfr mn~Hkou ds rjhds ¼foLFkkfud] leLFkkfud½

·         lkewfgd foyqfIr ¼dkj.k] ikap çeq[k foyqfIr;ksa ds uke½

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V

Gamete Fertilization and Early Development

·         Gametogenesis, Fertilization

·         Cleavage pattern

·         Gastrulation, fate maps

·         Developmental mechanics of cell specification

·         Morphogenesis and cell adhesion

;qXed fu"kspu vkSj çkjafHkd fodkl

·         ;qXedtuu] fu"kspu

·         fonyu iSVuZ

·         xSLVªqykHkou] fu;fr ekufp=

·         dksf'kdk fof'k"Vrk dh fodklkRed ;kaf=dh

·         lajpuk fodkl vkSj dksf'kdk vklatu

6

VI

Developmental Genes

·         Genes and development

·         Molecular basis of development

·         Differential gene expression

fodklkRed thu

·         thu vkSj fodkl

·         fodkl dk vk.kfod vk/kkj

·         foHksnd thu vfHkO;fDr

8

VII

Early Vertebrate Development

·         Early development of vertebrates (fish, birds & mammals)

·         Metamorphosis, regeneration and stem cells

·         Environmental regulation of development

çkjafHkd d'ks#dh fodkl

·         d'ks#fd;ksa ¼eNyh] i{kh vkSj Lru/kkjh½ dk çkjafHkd fodkl

·         dk;karj.k] iqutZuu vkSj LVse dksf'kdk,a

·         fodkl dk i;kZoj.kh; fofu;eu

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VIII

Late Developmental Processes

·         The dynamics of organ development

·         Development of eye, kidney, limb

·         Metamorphosis: The hormonal reactivation of development in amphibians, insects

·         Regeneration: Salamander limbs, mammalian liver, Hydras

·         Aging: The biology of senescence

nsj ls fodklkRed çfØ;k,¡

·         vax fodkl dh xfr'khyrk

·         vka[k] fdMuh] iknvaxksa dk fodkl

·         dk;karj.k& mHk;pjksa] dhVksa esa fodkl dk gkeksZuy iqulZfØ;u

·         iqutZuu& lSykeSaMj iknvax] Lru/kkjh ;—r] gkbMªk

·         dky Áo.krk& th.kZrk dk thofoKku

8